Bohemia - which had been at peace since the end of the Hussite Wars - would soon become the flashpoint for the start of the greatest religious war ever fought. In addition, the Spanish ambassador to Vienna, Don Íñigo Vélez de Oñate, persuaded Protestant Saxony to intervene against Bohemia in exchange for control over Lusatia, in addition they would invest nearly two million ducats in the supply and payment of both the army and its free company contingents. After a heated argument between the representatives of both sides, the Protestants threw the imperial representatives out of windows and into dung heaps in the Second Defenestration of Prague. The Imperial Army aided by the Catholic League decisively defeated the rebel Bohemian Protestant forces in the Battle of the White Mountain on November 8, 1620. It had to take another 400 years when Protestant Prussia was able to unify entire Germany. Others share this interpretation: P. Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (London, 1988); M.P. The Bohemian court was cautious, refusing to immediately depose Ferdinand; they instead dictated their demands to Matthias, hoping to keep up their pretenses of loyalty. This incident was a signal for the beginning of a Bohemian revolt against the Habsburg emperor Ferdinand II. [1] Some of the Protestant leaders of Bohemia feared they would be losing the religious rights granted to them by Emperor Rudolf II in his Letter of Majesty (1609). About two-thirds of the population was Protestant and just 10% were Catholic. He was an ardent supporter of the Catholic cause. Bohemia had been an area known to be religiously tolerant. The war can be divided into four major phases: The Bohemian Revolt, the Danish intervention, the Swedish intervention, and the French intervention. The Great Revolt of 1381 may have been caused by attempts to keep wages down. It was caused by both religious and power disputes. The Bohemian Revolt 1618–1621 Without heirs, Emperor Matthias sought to assure an orderly transition during his lifetime by having his dynastic heir (the fiercely Catholic Ferdinand of Styria, later Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor) elected to the separate royal thrones of Bohemia and Hungary. When Frederick refused to admit defeat, the war expanded into the Palatinate, whose strategic importance drew in external powers, notably the Dutch Republic and Spain . The Bohemian Revolt. This was a serious blow to Protestant ambitions in the region. But the most encouraging feature of recent happenings for friends of Bohemia is the ever-growing revolt within Austria. https://historica.fandom.com/wiki/Bohemian_Revolt?oldid=236117. Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620. 1. The region was a mixture of Calvinists, Lutherans, Catholics and Anabaptists. The Bohemian Revolt Edit Time: 1618–1625 Emperor Matthias, who had no children, had died leaving the throne to Ferdinand II. Given the relatively great number of Protestants in the kingdom, including some of the nobles, the king's unpopularity soon caused the Bohemian Revolt. In 1618, in what is known as the Bohemian Revolt, Protestant Bohemians attempted to rid their kingdom of Catholic rule by the Habsburg. In 1617, Matthias fell ill, and Ferdinand of Styria was elected heir designate, despite his even more radical Catholic views; he was a staunch supporter of the Counter-Reformation. The people appealed to Emperor Matthias, who ignored their protests. When he emperor attempted to curtail Protestantism within his territories, the Bohemian nobles responded by seizing two imperials representative and throwing them out of the window of Hradcany Castle in Prague. They preferred the Protestant Frederick V, elector of the Palatinate (successor of Frederick IV, t… David Maland starts with the Dutch Revolt and regards the Twelve-Year Truce of 1609–21 as pivotal, not the Bohemian Revolt of 1618: Europe at War 1600–1650 (London, 1980). Time: 1618–1625. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for The Battle of the White Mountain 1620 and the Bohemian Revolt, 1618-1622 (Century of the Soldier) at Amazon.com. The Duke of Savoy, however, sent 2,000 troops under Ernst von Mansfeld and financial aid to assist the Bohemians, and they captured Pilsen in May 1618, marking the start of military hostilities. ... 27 members of the Bohemian nobility led the revolt against Ferdinand II. It is widely recognised as a period of great change, either as a gradual transition or as a sharper turning point, but always associated with … He was originally the Prince of Bohemia. The Bohemians hinted Frederick would become King of Bohemia if he allowed them to join the Union and come under its protection. January 1918 marked the ebb tide in the movement for Bohemian independence. This marked the opening phases of the Thirty Years’ War and saw the Bohemian Estates rise up against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty. The Bohemians, desperate for allies against the Emperor, applied to be admitted into the Protestant Union, which was led by their original candidate for the Bohemian throne, the Calvinist Frederick V, Elector Palatine. At … The estates were almost entirely Protestant, mostly Utraquist Hussite but there was also a substantial German population that endorsed Lutheranism. With news of the outcome reaching Frederick V of the Palatinate, the king was forced to sign an armistice with Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, thus ending the “Palatine Phase” of the Thirty Years’ War. The Protestant cause seemed to wax toward a quick overall victory. Bohemian Revolt Period: 1618-1625. In 1609, Emperor Rudolf II of Germany issued the Letter of Majesty in an attempt to ensure religious tolerance, allowing for the imperial state of Bohemia to manage its own religious affiars. In an editorial article on December 17th, entitled “The Importance of Bohemia”, based on Andre Charadame’s powerful discussion in the Atlantic Monthly, the Post says: “M. To this end they invested an enormous sum of treasure in the hiring of free companies and mercenaries. Windischgratz and the Bohemian Revolt, 1848. placed the Bohemian revolt at the centre of their weekly issues. Oñate conspired to transfer the electoral title from the Palatinate to the Duke of Bavaria in exchange for his support and that of the Catholic League. First, he vindictively conquered the elector palatine’s Rhineland principality, then annexed the imperial electorship that went with it, thus changing the balance of power within the empire. 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