At this time tremor with 5-second At the Goma airport, buildings remain entirely intact, however the runway was partially covered. Composite and shield volcanoes are found along plate boundaries. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) Thousands remain homeless and are in need of food, health care and assistance in rebuilding their homes. Some of the eruptions took more than a year and were continuous at a time. Tuesday 22nd January, 2002 11 lessons in The geography of Africa: Where is Africa and what are the physical and human features of the continent? Aid agencies were struggling to bring in emergency relief. In addition, 50-100 people were killed when hot lava caused gas station tanks to explode at 0830 on 21 January. (The Observer) A trek to mount Nyiragongo is a hooray journey to the world`s largest active lava lake. Dozens of tremors shook the earth early Monday morning in and around Goma. On January 28, a flight allowed the volcanologists to reach Nyiragongo main crater and make observations of the inner part of the summit crater. BBC Recommended for you The lava took a long time to cool and it burnt people as they tried to return to their homes. The 2002 eruption of Mount Nyiragongo started on the 17 th of January 2020 at about 08:25 am. (Reuters) Tuesday 22nd January, 2002 Eruption: Mount Nyiragongo is one of the most active volcanoes in the world that have a number of 34 recorded eruption times the last eruption that was recorded happened in 2016. Wednedsay 23rd January, 2002 The eruption of Nyiragongo on 17/18 January 2002 led to a massive international response following the spontaneous and temporary evacuation of 400,000 people from the city of Goma located on the shore of Lake Kivu. Unfortunately, due to much political unrest in the area, Nyiragongo is not as well studied by scientists as they would like. This is an area of many faults where the plates are being stretched as they move away from each other. … Sunday 20th January, 2002 Total Affected: Approximately 350,000 (U.N.) Many of these people would not have had any food or water since fleeing their homes Thursday evening and have been camping out in the open ever since. The airstrip is considered suitable for DC-3s and Hercules aircraft. The looting of the fuel led to a leak that was ignited by lava from the eruption of Mount Nyiragongo that has caused chaos in the town. Congolese Return to Volcano Devastated Goma During the eruption lava flowed from fissures on the volcano's S and E flanks, moving towards the S. Lava flows cut directly through the city of Goma (~10 km S of the volcano) and continued onward to enter Lake Kivu. Displaced People: Approximately 30,000 (USAID/OFDA field reports) Many people had to move to overcrowded refugee camps. However, there is reported activity from Nyamuragira the volcano some distance from Nyragongo. The volcanologists noted that one of the primary gases present, methane, does not accumulate in the air, but disperses gas detected in town could also be due to gas stations that were buried under the lava, or to digging taking place in lava, especially to open roads between the east and west of city. Nyiragongo’s 2002 eruption covered Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, in lava up to 2 meters deep. USAID/OFDA estimates of the number of displaced elsewhere are as follows: in Goma suburbs (62,5000); Sake, DRC (5,000); Rutshuru, DRC (5,000); displacement camps near Gisenyi, Rwanda (15,000 and steadily decreasing); Bukavu, DRC (11,000); surrounding areas (30,000) in towns on the southeastern shore of Lake Kivu (up to 60,000); and in six sites near the northwestern shore of Lake Kivu, near Sake (up to 60,000). Currently, this volcanic mountain has erupted at least 34 times since 1882. Other reports state that probably around mid-day, fissures A flow of lava up to two metres (more than six feet) high cut across the town, which burned for part of the night. The unrest in the country made it difficult to monitor the volcano and put emergency responses in place. Saturday 19th January, 2002 (Posted 2200 UT) Approximately one-third of the group moved west in DRC toward Sake. Tuesday 22nd January, 2002 However, all populations that had moved to Gisenyi have returned to Goma, with the exception of those who settled in Mudende and Nkamira camps, Rwanda. Braving violent earth tremors, a growing tide of Congolese among more than 300,000 who left the eastern town of Goma on Thursday started returning late on Saturday, saying they did not want to become refugees in Rwanda and anyway there was little aid there to obtain. The main street was cluttered with abandoned vehicles, clothes, shoes and personal effects that bore witness to the rushed exodus a few hours earlier. There was very little warning as the lava reached the city of Goma. With a number of large cracks present in Goma, the risk of rapid release of CO2/methane gas remains a major concern and a potential threat to the population. Aid workers had encouraged refugees to mass at two sites some 20 km (12 miles) from Gisenyi, where they said it would be easier to provide shelter, supplies and sanitation once aid promised by the international community started to arrive. Three hospitals are functioning in Goma and the health situation, while of concern, also remains manageable at present. Friday 18th January, 2002 The volcano has a lava lake in its crater. According to news reports, several earthquakes were of sufficient magnitude to have been felt in the Goma region. Volcano expert Durieux praised Wafula, who had predicted the eruption in an e-mail two days before it happened. In the area of Bukavu, figures of the displaced people are as follows (OCHA DRC) : in Minova 7,000 persons,- of whom 1,000 have stated they wish to go to Bukavu; 2,000 in Masisi town; 500 in Nyamasasa: and 252 in Mukwindja. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) At least 50 percent of housing is gone, government buildings, schools, clinics, banks - all destroyed. In October, an earthquake hit Goma, and a volunteer observer on the side of Nyiragongo reported deep vibrations under the mountain and black smoke above it. The activity appears to be occurring close to the surface, a theory supported by surface fractures and gas emissions. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) The Federation /RRC will continue to address the needs of those assigned to them. The security situation is still fragile but has been reinforced by the authorities with harsh punishment threatened for looting. Friday 18th January, 2002 opened up to the south side of the volcano and three streams of lava from the lake drained through the fissures. They echoed the concerns expressed by volcano experts that Mount Nyiragongo may not be finished erupting despite a lull in the flow of lava. Monday 21st January, 2002 For the past decade, a Japanese team has sought to maintain a seismic network at the volcano. The three seismic measuring devices currently in place indicate that Goma is on top of the epicenter of subterranean activity. The lava flows damaged 14 villages as they destroyed everything in their An outbreak of cholera reports unconfirmed, possibly exaggerated. The U.N. World Food Progamme said it was reluctant to start distributing the food in Goma because of fears of further eruptions of Mount Nyiragongo volcano. 1.52 S, 29.25 E, summit elevation 3469 m, stratovolcano Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) United Nations officials said they were encouraging refugees to mass at two camps some 12 miles from Gisenyi, where they could be more easily provided with shelter, supplies and sanitation. All families in Goma will receive this preliminary kit of non-food items. Some driven to desperation by thirst sought relief by drinking from Lake Kivu despite fears that lava may have poisoned its waters, officials and relief workers said. Nyiragongo is one of Africa's most notable and active volcanoes. Moderate shocks continued late Tuesday, 22 January and Wednesday, 23 January. The risk of a rapid release of CO2/methane gas remains a major concern and potential threat to the population. About 35% of the town is now reported destroyed. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) A 100-m-wide delta formed where lava entered the lake. Volcano Refugees Enter Uganda Lava destroyed about 40% of the town at the head of Lake Kivu, but on Monday the streets once again teemed with people and many shops were open. Nyiragongo Volcano Eruption in Perspective Eruptions are common and even last year there was a warning given about the postential disaster of an eruption in which lava reached Goma. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) Almost all of the original displacement of over 350,000 Goma residents to Rwanda has been reversed. The vents were located at the roundabouts at Seigners and Bralima, 500 m from the end of the airport runway. The crater presently has two distinct cooled lava bencheswithin the crater walls – one at abo… Gas stations The population of The area had been experiencing tremors intermittently since March 2001. In principle, there is a risk that the formation of an underwater crater could trigger releases of gases, but the likelihood of this risk can not be assessed at this juncture. In 1994, five monitoring units were donated by the US Geological Survey's Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP) to form the Goma Volcano Observatory. 30% of water sources are restored in Goma and most of the town is expected to have had access to water by the evening of 22 January. A petrol station in the eastern Congolese town of Goma exploded on Monday killing up to 60 people. Eruptions occurred on the volcano’s S and E flanks. Fissures opened up to the south side of the volcano and three streams of lava from the lake drained through the fissures. Jacques Durieux, a volcanologist at the French Group for the Study of Active Volcanoes, said there were no indications of an imminent eruption and that all lava flows had stopped. However at the time of reporting, it officially remains closed but planes up to the size of a C 130 could land once permission is given. Looters were siphoning fuel when the station ignited, belching a ball of fire and thick black smoke into the sky over Goma, where rivers of lava have gushed through the city since Thursday's eruption of Mount Nyirangongo. There was very little warning as the lava reached the city of Goma. Natural disasters are often human made disasters. Numerous houses in the villages of Kasenyi and Bugara (at least 600 people live there) collapsed, others are crossed by the still active fault system. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) Monday 28th January 2002  Population Movements: The city population is increasing as displaced people return to Goma. Airport officials ordered all planes to fly out ahead of the advancing lava. Goma is flat, black and burning after Eruption The Gisenyi airstrip has resumed operations. The blast happened as people were trying to siphon fuel from the petrol tanks, the eyewitnesses said. Wafula, 48, has been tracking Nyiragongo and a nearby volcano since the 1970s. Der Aufstieg selbst ist nicht wirklich schwierig, obwohl es doch 1500 Höhenmeter zu bewältigen gibt. There are currently between 4000 to 5000 persons in Ruhengeri. The buildings at the Goma airport remained intact, but lava covered ~80% of the airstrip rendering the airport inoperable. where the plates are being stretched as they move away from each other. Der 3470 m hohe Stratovulkan Nyiragongo ist einer der acht Virunga-Vulkane, die zum Ostafrikanischen Grabenbruch gehören. Few weak steam vents were visible on the inner crater wall. Friday 25th January, 2002 Aid workers said up to 100,000 people could still be stranded between two lava flows, pouring from fissures at the base of the volcano, between Goma and Sake, 20 miles to the west. Officials said they were preparing for a possible total of 650,000 displaced people if the eruption continued. Nyiragongo Volcano Disaster (Democratic Republic of Congo) The immediate needs will be to ensure the provision of safe areas, shelter, water, food and health supplies. Some lost their houses, other fled to neighbouring Rwanda or to western DRC. Homes, schools, churches and businesses were ruined. Report. Mount Nyiragongo. Goma was one of the few centers in eastern Congo with a functioning economy, and the destruction of its business and inventories spells hardship for all for the foreseeable future. The seismic activity remained relatively constant and unchanging. 131 non-accompanied children were counted along the Goma-Bukavu axis. With as many as 400,000 persons potentially homeless, the shelter needs will be considerable. The general health status is acceptable but monitoring continues. Wafulah sent his first e-mail to international authorities on Jan. 8, raising the alarm of an imminent eruption. As a result chances were diminishing that the lava would react with dissolved methane and carbon dioxide at the deep bottom of the lake, an eventuality that might send these gases to the surface. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) The other, at Mudende, is a former university campus used until a few weeks ago as a "reeducation camp" for former members of Rwandan Hutu rebel groups. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) At least 45 people had died and tens of thousands had been left homeless by lava flows from the 3,469-meter-high Mount Nyiragongo, just 10 kilometers north of Goma since last Thursday. Aid agencies were unable to access some areas of Goma. The lava flow made it difficult to travel around Goma as it filled the roads. Then on 6 th February 2001, the neighboring Volcano, Mount Nyamuragira erupted for 2 weeks. The quality is poor but manageable and water quality tests would indicate that lake water can be pumped into the system and treated for distribution. Tens of thousands of people who fled the volcanic eruption in Congo streamed back across a vast field of steaming lava on Sunday, returning to their ruined town and shunning refugee camps being set up by aid workers. A serious accident occurred killing dozens of Congolese when a fuel tanks erupted, demonstrating the continuing risks. Homes destroyed: 12,500 households (60,000 to 80,000 people) (USAID/OFDA field reports) Background: Mt. 1. Evacuation of more than 300,000 began only when plumes of ash and smoke were visible and lava flows were engulfing the area. Epicentre of the quakes has not determined yet. Burns and other severe injuries, trauma, respiratory conditions, dehydration, and psychological stress are likely. Fourteen villages in the jungle around Goma were reported destroyed in the path of the lava. Steaming and high heat flow is present in the area. In January 2002, fast-flowing basalt lava, (1,000 kilometres wide) poured out of Mount Nyiragongo and into the city of Goma. Lesson overview: What were the responses to the 2002 eruption of Mount Nyiragongo? Displaced People: Estimates range from 40,000 (field reports) to 450,000 (U.N.) One of these, at Nkamira, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) east of the Rwandan town of Gisenyi, is already a temporary home for former Rwandan refugees returning from the DRC. Water from Lake Kivu poses no health threat to population. Half a Million Flee from Volcano Jet Al fuel is available. The lava cut a swathe 60 metres wide through the centre of the city and the ensuing fires burned down buildings up to 40 metres on either side. As of 22 January, no new lava flows had been reported, although lava slowly flowed into Lake Kivu and seismic activity continued. It is found 20 km north of the town of Goma and Lake Kivu and just west of the border with the country of Rwanda. Mount Nyiragongo - lava flows in 2002: Mount Nyiragongo is 3470m high and is an active stratovolcano in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (an LDC). According to the latest report from Professor Wafula considerable damage was reported in the DRC town of Katale, aside from that dramatic quake, less serious but nevertheless disconcerting shocks were felt late Tuesday (430 PM) and Wednesday morning (10 AM). Press accounts indicated that volcanologists tentatively suggested that Nyiragongo's volcanism was due to seismicity producing fissures up to several km in length along the E African rift, allowing magma to reach the surface. Reports of 2002 Eruption of Nyiragongo by John Seach. The eruption of Mount Nyiragongo on Thursday forced nearly half a million people out of their homes and caused massive destruction. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) High energy biscuits are being distributed. Large plume splitting crust apart; Lava has risen through cracks creating gently sided shield volcano; Effects. Women washed and cooked with the toxic waters, despite thousands of dead fish floating on the surface. Damage assessments report that lava flows have destroyed 14 villages and approximately 20 percent of the western half of the city, which is the commercial district and is the least inhabited area of Goma. Moreover, Lake Kivu contains large amounts of CO2 which could partially degas and build up an invisible carbon dioxide cloud which could, at times, fill the air, according to some experts. Some of the hundreds of thousands of people displaced by a volcanic eruption in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) began to receive their first humanitarian aid Saturday, two days after a river of lava destroyed most of their home town. Fish have been reported floating dead in the water. It has erupted about 34 times since 1882 and the last eruption was recently in 2002. Non eruptive fractures are visible all around the crater at different heights. On Jan. 4, it happened again. Saturday 19th January, 2002 least one flow had advanced into Goma. Have we learnt the lessons from the past? Politicians, they said, would have to take the decision on an evacuation. Der Blick hinab auf den Lava-See ist unglaublich und brennt sich für immer ins Gehirn ein. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) Nyiragongo erupted at approximately 9:30 AM local time (2:30 AM EST) on January 17. Saturday 19th January, 2002 Distribution of plastic sheets took place during the days immediately following the crisis. The area had been experiencing tremors intermittently since March 2001. Approximately two-thirds moved east to Gisenyi in Rwanda. A number remained in Goma. Bulldozers are endeavoring to clear pathways through the lava. Exit Quiz. Dozens of people are feared dead after a river of molten rock poured from a volcano in the Democratic Republic of Congo. While no visual confirmation of the eruption has taken place, ash deposits have been noted. A river of lava half a mile wide had bulldozed through the town centre, oozing into sidestreets and pouring into the lake on the far side. UN agencies estimated that a total of 100,000 lost their homes in this crisis. By late afternoon, at Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) Up to half a million were seriously at risk of malnutrition and disease, stranded without food, drinking water or shelter along the shores of Lake Kivu. A survey by relief agencies determined that there were approximately 229,000 people in Goma on January 23. The Mount Nyiragongo eruption on 17 January 2002 destroyed a large part of the centre of Goma, a busy commercial centre in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Population movement between Gisenyi and Ruhengeri has stopped. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) Goma (~400,000 people) and surrounding areas evacuated with some moving W The seismic situation appears to be improving, with the last major tremor reported early on 20 January. The Red Cross delivered chlorine to one of Goma's water treatment plants and Goemans said the water was free of harmful bateria but mineral tests were still being run. This is the world’s largest lava lake. Around 50 people were killed when fuel exploded while they were trying to siphon it off at a petrol station. on the road toward the town of Sake, while the majority of the population Gas samples and thermal waters discharges were collected at Rambo springs about 400 metres from the Bralirwa (Rwanda) along the lake, 8 km East of Gisenyi. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. But fighting in the area and looting of equipment by armed militia camped on the volcano itself regularly forced volcanologists to flee. A fog of hot air and sulphurous steam hung over the burning ruins. The scientists confirmed that the ash observed in Goma on Wednesday was most likely from the collapse of the inner crater of Mt Nyiragongo. 7. 4. They said they were determined to try and start afresh. The volcano was perfectly clear and a small gas plume could be seen above the crater rim to the NorthEast. Mount Nyiragongo, the mountain the volcanologist had studied for 15 years without pay, was about to blow. The volcano has a lava lake in its crater. Presentation. reports, as of 18 January lava flows had destroyed parts of 14 villages and Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) nyiragongo.com Injuries have been caused by lava, firearms, and hit by vehicles leaving the area. Agencies have been continuously assessing the situation on the ground. Located in the DRC (Central Africa) in Rift Valley; Causes. 12,500 homes were destroyed by ash and lava. There were now fears that the lava could reach the nearby town of Goma, where nearly 500,000 people live." Implementing agencies are working with local authorities to better manage the crowds. General: Experts working with OCHA appear to be in agreement that further eruptions are unlikely and Goma has been officially declared safe. According to Bruce Presgrave of the USGS, National Earthquake Information Center there have been an unusual number of tectonic earthquakes in the Goma-Nyiragongo region since ~9 hours after Nyiragongo's alleged initial lava flows at 0500 local time on 17 January. The risk of disease and malnutrition may cause many more deaths in the coming weeks. 100 people died, mostly from poisonous gas and becoming trapped in lava. The volcano 12 miles north of Goma sent two lava flows into the city of half a million. The official figure from the United Nations is just three, revised downward from its previous estimate of 45. The water situation appears to be better than expected with about 60% of systems repairable or partially functioning. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) The ash observed in Goma on Wednesday (OCHA Situation Report No. According to news Nyiragongo erupted at approximately 9:30 AM local time (2:30 AM EST) on January 17. 1. On the other hand, news interviews quoted Jaques Durieux, a French volcanologist working with the UN, as saying, "There is no reason for the methane and carbon dioxide to rise to the surface." Numbers Affected by the Eruption: The ICRC is currently focusing on water assistance. A fourth fissure opened at 4:00 PM on January 17. 2. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) Immediate needs were identified as follows: food, medication, non-food items, and transport. Authorities issued a "Red Alert" and a full evacuation is underway. Help Arrives for Volcano Victims However, a local carrier is planned to resume regular flights from the airstrip on Monday, January 28. Thousands of people were left homeless when the lava destroyed their villages. Large fissures have developed along the slopes of Mount Nyiragongo, prompting fears that lava and toxic gases could be released and cause even more damage than the last eruption. Asked whether it was now safe for residents to return, he said: "That is an impossible question. were 2 meters high and 30 m wide. He said he made his prediction after observing that there was 10 times more lava in the volcano's crater than in 1977, when Nyiragongo erupted and killed hundreds of people. Nyiragongo Volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) Dieudonne Wafula, a Congolese volcanologist who has been studying the Nyiragongo for 15 years, said the volcano 20km north of Goma should now stop erupting for a few years, but earth tremors may intensify over the forthcoming days. 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