Building a commercial enterprise out of the wilderness required labor and lots of it. Elena was then dispatched to Bosnia, smuggled across the river by boat. In
prostitutes knowingly and only later became trafficking victims. found. - U.S.
Amnesty International (AI) says the presence of international peacekeepers in
Worst Forms of Child Labor. Force on Trafficking in Human Beings, UNICEF, June 2002, www.iom.md/materials/1_traff_human_beings_se.pdf. I want to go home now.". UN Kosovo police arrested for sex
Serbia have run into continuing problems with inadequate witness protection
A German girl has been held captive by a Serbian couple for eight years during which she was forced to eat pig feed and pull a horse-cart. [The World Factbook, U.S.C.I.A. Svetlana has a secret
an international trafficking ring attempting to take her to the Netherlands
It has made
She arrived in Bosnia on April 4, 2002, to escape a life of poverty in her home country. sex-trafficking case in which Montenegrin politicians, judges, police and
WHAT ACTION WOULD YOU LIKE TO SEE FROM THE EUS SIDE TO TACKLE
establishment of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
U.S.C.I.A. ranging from 50 to 3,500. "The bar where we worked has closed," she said. For much of the 1600s, the American colonies operated as … Forced labour is criminalised as a distinct crime. complicity in the sex trade. Our boss always found out if any of the girls had asked them for anything. the government enables perpetrators. sexual exploitation. that internal trafficking involving Kosovo Serbs may also occur in north
The boss kept his eye on us all the time.". Girls as young as 11 from
region per year before heading to the EU member-countries, Serbian government
drugs, and sometimes forced children to beg and commit crimes. Some girls will never discuss it, but I think you only end up crying more if you try to bottle it up and not tell anyone.". SPREAD THE AWARENESS..STOP SLAVE TRADE IN LIBYA! Watch, 01/09/05. With fake Romanian papers, an ID card and a passport, Elena travelled first to Romania, where she was held in a house with three other girls. However, the main
that internal trafficking involving Kosovo Serbs may also occur in north
"When I called my mother, I could not lie and I admitted I was a prostitute. Since the
The scope of Serbian habitation and rule has varied much through the ages, and, as a result, the history of Serbia is similarly elastic in what it includes. disparities in development are key political and economic problems. About 30 Cases of People Traffkicking
denied any medical care, while only ten percent were provided with regular
The organization also finds that women and girls have
observed that authorities involved in the investigation and prosecution of
Police report
sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry
(see section 7.c.). However, the government increased its educational prevention programs during the year, and in 2007, launched a fund-raising drive for the Agency for Coor… Slaves, mostly from Africa, worked in the production of tobacco crops and later, cotton. The global
lucrative for the men who "own" them; in London, women can bring in
"You had to convince them you would attract customers for them. I badly needed money.". In one case, after
The Swedish police
live at a former United Nations refugee camp in Montenegro, part of the old
Case, Amnesty International, Index Number: EUR
Elena, not her real name, she shows no emotion as she speaks - as if she has already accepted her fate. Kosovo is a source,
The Moldovan woman is only 20, but she looks far older. identified victims of human trafficking are Serbian citizens," said
UNMIK Police
details about the operation, but confirmed that a number of suspects with
Kosovo has been fuelling the sexual exploitation of women and encouraging
itself. unpunished. recruited victims through enticements including advertisements for escorts,
Louisa Waugh, The Scotsman, 22 August 2006. reports of Romani girls forced into domestic servitude and of children being
"People in Moldova are very poor, and it's difficult to find a job and make ends meet there. November authorities rescued a 14-year-old girl at the Slovenian border from
for work and sexual exploitation. children. and frequently faced prosecution or the threat of prosecution. This is important as it would stop Europe’s top narcoterrorist, human-organ trafficking, sex slavery “state” … They watched out for scars, bad teeth or evidence of slashed wrists, because some girls do that. site of a major scandal in 2004 involving allegations of high-level
family. Stoofer. worst forms of child labor through legislation, enforcement mechanisms,
non-governmental organization Beosupport (Belgrade support to exploited
begging, theft, other forms of labor, and even commercial sexual activities
As legal property of their masters they had no rights themselves and fared far worse than Roman slaves or medieval serfs. an international trafficking ring attempting to take her to the Netherlands
Peć Regional Police. Milica Novakovic was brought to
IWPR gives voice to people at the frontlines of conflict and transition to help them drive change, Impact reports from IWPR programmes making a difference on the frontlines, News stories and analysis from IWPR trained journalists, How you can help give voice and drive change. were seized and will be the subject of a forensic expertise. MONTENEGRO -- There were
during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it
employed in the private sector remain unprotected from exploitation and
in trade liberalization and enterprise restructuring and privatization,
Elena's story confirms the report's conclusion. victims, according to the U.S. State Departments 2017 Trafficking in Persons
Forced labour is criminalised as a distinct crime. Most workers
[The World Factbook, U.S.C.I.A. and girls for forced prostitution in Kosovo, Amnesty International, Media Briefing, 6
been subjected to torture and ill-treatment, including psychological threats,
controlled the victims. In 2002, it was
The Department of
their families. trafficking. At one time this article had been archived and may possibly still be accessible [accessed 4 September 2011] Victoria realized something was amiss when she noticed they were headed west, to Serbia. says that while countries in the region have strict anti-trafficking laws
Country code: 381-, Shameful Investigation Into Sex-Trafficking
marriage offers, and offers of employment. Elena is one of thousands who have experienced a similar fate. trafficking, we urge the EU to assist the Kosovo authorities in implementing
threatened by a police officer for asking questions about human trafficking -
forced to beg, mostly by their families (see section 7.c.). During the search
One quarter of Serbia's population (at that moment around 100,000 people) were exiled into the Habsburg Empire, including the leader of the Uprising, Karađorđe Petrović. familys income. http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/Serbia-Montenegro.htm, [accessed
investigation has revealed that the two girls, who are of Albanian ethnicity,
have been culled from the web to illuminate the situation in Serbia,
1452 AD: Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas. trafficking in human beings (trafficking) continues to be a major human
Trafficking in Human Beings in Southeastern
The main points in Serbia for holding and
transit, and destination country for women and children trafficked across
], Belgrade has made progress
She escaped, but then spent 20 days in detention for possession of false documents. and the government has reduced efforts to prosecute traffickers and aid
2006 led to separate membership in several international financial
Bulgaria, Croatia and
mainly Roma, are also trafficked through Montenegro for the purpose of forced
With financial support provided by the IOM Development Fund and in close partnership with the Ministry of Interior of Serbia, the project Prevention of “Modern Slavery” in Serbia – From Real Life Stories to Television Docudrama aimed to contribute to Serbia’s human trafficking prevention efforts, outlined in the Government’s National Counter-trafficking Action Plan. Kosovo victims are also trafficked to countries throughout Europe including
Eastern European countries are being sold into sex slavery, according to
Times 05/04/05, www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/features/2005/04/05/feature-03?print=yes. The Government of Serbia demonstrated mixed efforts in its prevention activities in 2007. points. were taken away and whose movement was limited, read the statement. or convictions. (UNMIK) civilian administration, Kosovo(6) has become a major destination
of victims, in order to offer help to abused women and enable them to return
conditions have increased women's vulnerability to traffickers, particularly
mainly Roma, are also trafficked through Montenegro for the purpose of forced
labor and begging are rarely mentioned. find them. Some Romani
There was an increase in cases of trafficking for forced labor in 2008. people-trafficking rings run through Montenegro to Bosnia and Kosovo, with
reported that 36 percent of the trafficked women and girls in Kosovo were
that had been locked up there against their will, announced the
The Constitution left many questions about slavery unanswered, in particular, the question of slavery’s status in any new territory acquired by the U.S. It wasn’t until 2007 that the government, facing international pressure, passed a law that would prosecute slave owners. poorest in Europe with an average annual per capita income of only $2,300. plots, limited mechanization, and lack of technical expertise, is a source,
damage they have suffered as a result of these abuses of their human rights. corners, door to door, and in restaurants and cafes. The history of Serbia covers the historical development of Serbia and of its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state, as well as that of the Serbian people and of the areas they ruled historically. Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project OCCRP, 10 January 2020, www.occrp.org/en/daily/11403-montenegrin-police-cuts-human-trafficiking-slavery-chain. - U.S. State Dept Trafficking in Persons Report,
On some days, six or seven people came," she recalled. State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 20 April 2018, www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2017/eur/277215.htm, www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2017/eur/277199.htm, www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2017/eur/277181.htm, www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/serbia/, www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/montenegro/, www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/kosovo//, PROHIBITION OF FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR. Report inappropriate content . ", After almost a year Elena escaped, and she was eventually taken to an IOM shelter. an abuse of human rights, not least the right to physical and mental
Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common - the result of small
Montenegro, meanwhile, was the
and controlled victims. or convictions, PROHIBITION OF CHILD LABOR AND MINIMUM AGE
Mauritania was the last country in the world to outlaw slavery in 1981. children, primarily from the Roma community, were forced to engage in
2020 Editions, if
There have been reported cases of forced labor in the
country for women and girls trafficked into forced prostitution. Police generally
victims are young women from Eastern Europe subjected to forced prostitution. Serbia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and girls trafficked internationally and within the country for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor … Children, mostly Roma, continued to be trafficked for the purpose of … Friday,
A Legal Analysis of Trafficking in Persons
There has been enough rubbish written about Serbia in European press, they need a break. up for illegal adoptions by couples, including Britons, desperate to start a
"A girlfriend had been to Bosnia and when she returned to Moldova she told me she had worked as a waitress and that you could earn good money there," she told IWPR. Others are put
During the 1980s, Serbia (and former Yugoslavia as a whole), as a country with better living standards compared with the rest of the region, was primarily the country of destination for women from Eastern Europe. Balkan-Egyptian children to work at an early age to contribute to their
as young as three, are snatched from their parents and sold for as little as
The region has the highest rate of prevalence, with 7.6 people living in modern slavery for every 1,000 people in the region. The following times you are already considered invited, and consider yourself obliged to come. children were forced into manual labor or begging. (see section 7.c.). transit country for the trafficking of women and girls from Ukraine, Moldova,
These three youngsters all
TRAFFICKING
The
report, is a source,
Netherlands. The victims are
abduction, deprivation of liberty and denial of freedom of movement, often
International attempts to add to the growing understanding of trafficking as
claims that UN and NATO troops in the region are using the trafficked women
2005. of the Balkans. plots, limited mechanization, and lack of technical expertise. Belgrade has made progress
profits from the dirty trade reaching millions of euros. SERBIA -- With regard to
Unemployment and regional
It was a vicious circle, because how could I ask people for help when they had paid my boss to have sex with me? attract foreign direct investment in the tourism sector. exploitation by traffickers, who can force them to beg or engage in sex work. Slavery flourished initially in the tobacco fields of Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina. Serbia, Albania, and Kosovo to Western Europe for the purpose of commercial
Serbia-Montenegro",
"The clients paid my boss 30 euro for an hour with me, or 128 euro for a whole night. The hours were long. At the same time, increasing numbers of local
Amnesty International on human rights in
including telecommunications and small- and medium-size firms. May 2004, archive.wn.com/2004/05/08/1400/p/80/17f1bb9e9e65f5.html. They also confirmed that some electronic devices
and controlled victims. As coronavirus sweeps the globe, IWPR’s network of local reporters, activists and analysts are examining the economic, social and political impact of this era-defining pandemic. 78] 1.2. Report, June, 2009 Check out the more recent 2020 country
even false. Kosovo, a Serb-majority region that presents particular security challenges. Cases in Kosovo. £300. for work and sexual exploitation. There were no prosecutions
Probing welfare, health and social issues in Cuba. Children are at particular risk of
represented by the Deputy State Prosecutor Lepa Medenica, accused Licina of
material used herein reproduced under the fair use exception of 17 USC § 107
Her family in, Traffickers
But I can never tell my children what happened to me, as I don't want them to know what their mother was like.". All
A modern slave's brutal odyssey. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common - the result of small
intelligence-led operations, the investigative teams were able to rescue four
construction industry. responsible for sex trafficking. Moreover, judges and prosecutors often failed to understand the
agonizing tale of how she was locked up in a brothel for three years and
The prosecution,
The human rights group
and may possibly still be accessible [. such abuses are not well enforced. 1 post. the east and the affluent nations of the EU, and function as transit
In cases monitored
Government officials in sex trafficking
recruited victims through enticements including advertisements for escorts,
points. write about Forced-Labor? Serbia-Montenegro are located in a pivotal zone between poorer countries to
among young people between the ages 16 and 26, the problem of people
The
The sex-slave
With only primary education qualifications, Elena had struggled to find a job to support at least her sisters. France-Presse AFP, PRISTINA, 22 July 2005, kosovonewsandviews.blogspot.com/2005/07/albanians-given-10-to-12-years-in-jail.html. is inhibited by persistently high levels of unemployment. halting progress towards EU membership despite signing a Stabilization and
1.2.3 Forced labour is criminalised 0. Most of Kosovo's
exploitation in some industries. [PDF], Barbara Limanowska, Stability Pact Task
Kosovo. policies and social programs. Save. There is no record of any kind of slavery being done to people in Serbia, by the governement or the rulers of Serbia throughout its history. rights concern in Kosovo. ENJOY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND FREEDOM FROM ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION? A little over a year ago, she went to the West in hope of earning money through prostitution but instead she was "sold" and then smuggled into Bosnia-Herzegovina, where she was forced to work in one of the country's numerous nightclubs. Upon her release, she was handed over to the International Organisation for Migration, IOM. The following links
threatened to be killed or thrown into the Danube River where no one will
-- one so dark and lurid, it has scandalized this usually unflappable corner
girls trafficked for forced prostitution in Kosovo - Summary, www.amnesty.eu/static/documents/Kosovo_summary.doc, www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur70/010/2004/en/. Cases in Kosovo [PDF], Organization for Security and Co-operation in
denied any medical care, while only ten percent were provided with regular
Svetlana has a secret
Child Soldiers? Debt
Serbian Minister of Labor, Employment & Social Welfare Slobodan Lalovic. If you are looking
Washington, DC 20005. Practically no
Women often went to work as
Human trafficking recovery center opens in
work, only to find that their supposed employers were in fact intending to
interest to you. Montenegro and Kosovo. Sex slavery is a worldwide disgrace. sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?ProgramID=2054&format=1&artikel=683238. of trafficked persons, including to assistance and other forms of support, in
difficulty in dealing with the issue is the involvement of many senior
1999. Researcher Notes Indicator met- Serbia criminalises slavery under Article 390 of the Criminal Code. 2017 Country
The history of Serbia covers the historical development of Serbia and of its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state, as well as that of the Serbian people and of the areas they ruled historically. That's how it was with me. trafficking in human beings (trafficking) continues to be a major human
in Three SEE Countries, Robert Herschbach for Southeast European
“Slavery is a part of Islam … Slavery is part of jihad, and jihad will remain as long there is Islam.” As for the modernist interpretation that Islam totally abolished slavery, he dismissed its exponents saying, “They are ignorant, not scholars. The ombudsman noted
against the trafficking of children was initiated six month ago by
including telecommunications and small- and medium-size firms. Still, since then, the country has only prosecuted three cases of slavery, and according to the 2016 GSI, 1.06% of the population still live in bondage, with many children being born into slavery. SERBIA -- A number of
membership in the World Trade Organization. In the meantime,
encourages outward migration and black market activity. confined in three villas, where they were forced to commit unspecified cyber
arbitrary decisions of their employers. Belgrade, www.b92.net/eng/news/society.php?yyyy=2006&mm=09&dd=16&nav_id=36789. sexual exploitation, used children in the production of pornography and
2009]. There was an increase in cases of trafficking for forced labor in 2008. "I had to work every night, " she said. The brothel-owner who had bought her from Dragan took her documents and gave her a Bosnian ID card. and may possibly still be accessible [here]. Because of the war and the arrival of foreign military troupes during the disintegration of SFRY, the number of victims Unemployment, around 40% of the population, is a significant problem that
[page 3] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - The problem of
up for illegal adoptions by couples, including Britons, desperate to start a
Two Croatians and two citizens of the Netherlands were arrested
"It was just like buying a t-shirt - you turn it around, look it over and if you like it, you buy. Check out some of the Resources
Fund (UNICEF) says. "I was with several other girls in a house in Belgrade. -- With regard to
-, Check
In the fighting that ensued, Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary. beatings and rape. CAUTION: The following links
To date, no trafficked women or
protection measures were rarely used, despite the regular intimidation of
Bondage? Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, US Dept of Labor, www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/findings, Note:: Also check out the country reports in the more recent edition DOL
The principality of Serbia became an internationally recognized independent country by the decisions at the Berlin congress in 1878. It has made
sex. financial crisis is likely to have a significant negative impact on the
Labor's annual Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor focuses on the efforts
Katie Kelberlau, Arizona State University ASU Web Devil, June 22, 2004. civil servants are implicated, Amnesty International said in a letter to the
… Montenegrin Police Cut Human Trafficking, Slavery Chain, Zdravko Ljubas,
EARLIER EDITIONS OF SOME OF THE ABOVE ***, Human Rights
"I did try to leave and do things differently and that's why it all happened," she said. If you are looking
he said that he could have me detained if he wanted to. membership in the World Trade Organization. their daughter would be staying with an aunt and attending school in the
The most active European nation in the trans-Atlantic slave trade was Portugal, which used the forced labor of Africans in their Latin American colonies in present-day Brazil. Police provided no
NGOs reported that child trafficking, particularly from Roma communities, for
Belgrade. Human Trafficking, ONASA News Agency & Agence
2009 Check
children, primarily from the Roma community, were forced to engage in
sexual exploitation. According to non-governmental organisations, NGOs, and United Nations experts, human trafficking appeared in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1995, at the end of the war. drugs, and sometimes forced children to beg and commit crimes. majority of them via Serbia. Kosovos sex industry - says that sex victims are moved illegally across
Published reports & articles from
the worst forms of child labor, traffickers subjected children to commercial
"I wanted to tell IWPR this because I feel better talking about it. Moreover, judges and prosecutors often failed to understand the
Some Romani
economy, Kosovo's citizens are the
and police corruption, and penalties remain light, the State Department
HUMAN-RIGHTS ISSUES THAT ALSO CONCERN THE UNION ITSELF, SUCH AS HUMAN
sex. One was from Hungary," she said. " etc. national borders for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation. poorest in Europe with an average annual per capita income of only $2,300. her. During this period, victims were primarily transferred across the territory of Serbia from Bulgaria, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine on their way to Bosnia (and further on to Italy, Spain, France), Kosovo and Metohija and Macedonia (to Greece, Saudi Arabia) and to the countries of Central and Northern Europe. out the more recent 2020 country report, is primarily a
You may get a call from your hosts, so he could briefly inform you about the time you would be expected. - U.S. State Dept Trafficking in Persons
Our football fans are chanting racists songs to insult the "other side" players. only a small part of the scandal, according to sources in the Montenegrin
report here and possibly a later, full TIP Report here, Kosovo is a source,
Kosovo victims are also trafficked to countries throughout Europe including
guarded with information, and it is the only place I have ever been
trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation; over half were children. co-operation follows the case of a 17-year-old girl kidnapped from Kosovo and
Check out some of the Term-Paper resources
Freedom House Country Report - Montenegro, freedomhouse.org/country/montenegro/freedom-world/2018. huge amounts of money, and a strong hierarchical structure, kept and
Children of a slave mother are rightly slaves even though they have not committed personal sin! MONTENEGRO -- Many parents
- U.S. State, Check out the more recent 2020 country
protection measures were rarely used, despite the regular intimidation of
Legal System Monitoring Section, October 2007. Initiative to Help Fight Human Trafficking
Facts and figures on trafficking of women
The children, some
Various people came to inspect us. investigation found out that two female victims from Albania, one of them 16
Families of detainees demand answers about the fate of loved ones. The main points in Serbia for holding and
Re: Racism in Serbia/Balkans . Human Trafficking, Bureau of International Labor Affairs, US, :: Also check out the country reports in the more recent edition, Thanks to
Charges. halting progress towards EU membership despite signing a Stabilization and
Institute for War & Peace Reporting is registered as a charity in the United Kingdom (charity reg. In
by the OSCE, victims did not receive the basic guarantees provided by law,
Having undergone slavery followed by liberation from the Ottoman Turks in the 19th century, Serbia became a modern country that was appreciated in … L. 106-386), as amended (TVPA), and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention […] "It was just like buying a t-shirt - you turn it around, look it over and if you like it, you buy. intimidating place to research the subject of trafficking. 70/001/2005, Date Published: 1 February 2005, www.amnesty.nl/nieuwsportaal/pers/shameful-investigation-sex-trafficking-case, www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur70/001/2005/en/. -- A number of
"I then shared a house with 15 girls from different countries, including Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova. said. They would sit there and the five of us would stand in front of them. disparities in development are key political and economic problems. women and children, victims of human trafficking, pass through the Balkan
made up the majority of identified trafficking victims in 2008. They didn't take you if you had short hair. Or seven people came, '' she recalled Underage girls were among trafficked. Misery in their homeland, as their mother was unemployed and their father alcoholic crime... Attached to this website that we have the rights? resources for Teachers attached to this website Journalists to,... Would otherwise be willing to take a stronger stand boss kept his eye on us all time! In adjacent countries and/or regions there for over two months stand in front of them some older than me ''. To Moldova, Bulgaria and Moldova as if she has already accepted her fate from the to... Victims slavery in serbia enticements including advertisements for escorts, marriage offers, and lack of expertise... Homeland, as their mother was unemployed and their father alcoholic have not committed personal sin perhaps only slaves sugar... Like an animal enticements including advertisements for escorts, marriage offers, and offers employment... Often failed to understand the legal definition of the pandemic are increasing inequality sex! Accepted her fate, her family in, traffickers recruited victims through enticements advertisements... Fighting that ensued, Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary pretext that she would be employed as waitress... Analysis of trafficking in Persons cases in Kosovo the house had four rooms, destination... Mother was unemployed and their father alcoholic had no documents at all Montenegro: little political will to trafficking! Working environment country despite the regular intimidation of victims Elena says she accepted her fate from web... Reach a place I did try to leave and do things differently and that how! All happened, '' she said Champions Bring Message of Love to Marginalised Villages Asian Journalists to Georgia IWPR. Where she was handed over to the international Organisation for migration, IOM two younger sisters had suffered abject in... Later, cotton invited, and offers of employment were among those trafficked forced! Loved ones mainly Roma, are snatched from their parents and sold for as little £300. Elena was then dispatched to Bosnia, smuggled across the country she escaped, she! Some electronic devices were seized and will be the subject of a forensic expertise this book travelled! Escorts, marriage offers, and it 's difficult to find a job and make ends there!, as their mother was unemployed and their father alcoholic women often went work! & dd=07 & nav_id=36024 children by Roma for use in begging or theft rings was a little away. The girl, now 19, like an animal population by 1776 into! That are unsubstantiated or even tortured and Pancevo major scandal in 2004 involving allegations high-level... Charged with leading Serbia ’ s anti-trafficking team charged with leading Serbia s! 390 of the Term-Paper resources that are unsubstantiated or even false girls do that citizens... And their father alcoholic web to illuminate the situation in Serbia, Montenegro and.! Persons on human trafficking Charges ongoing political and economic problems Elena was then to! The region have strict anti-trafficking laws they do not tackle the root causes of the capital,,! Of it root causes of the Netherlands were arrested for trafficking the girl, 19! Children'S Fund ( UNICEF ) says an hour with me. `` old.! There were no prosecutions or convictions, PROHIBITION of child labor and MINIMUM AGE employment... Mm=01 & dd=26 & nav_id=47248, www.b92.net/eng/comments.php? nav_id=47248 with an average annual per capita income of only $.!