Int J Earth Sci 100:323–354, Frimmel HE et al (2013) A new lithostratigraphic subdivision and geodynamic model for the Pan-African western Saldania Belt, South Africa. J Geol 109:493–508, Frimmel HE et al (2002) Neoproterozoic tectonic and climatic evolution recorded in the Gariep Belt, Namibia and South Africa. Gondwana Res 26:386–401, Konopásek J et al (2016) Linking the basement geology along the Africa-South America coasts in the South Atlantic. Memoirs, vol 36, pp 195–209, Hoffman PF, Schrag DP (2002) The snowball Earth hypothesis: testing the limits of global change. In: Eliopoulos DG et al (eds) Mineral exploration and sustainable development. For example, population growth in the Gariep basin is an indirect driver of change in ecosystem services (Figure 4.1). J Afr Earth Sci 13:531–541, Rioux M et al (2010) Characterizing the U-Pb systematics of baddeleyite through chemical abrasion: application of multi-step digestion methods to baddeleyite geochronology. A Cryptic Hydropolitical History of the Nile Basin for Students of Hydropolitics . This coincided with the current examination and modelling of the supply and use of ecosystem goods and services in the Gariep Basin as part of the Southern African Millennium Assessment (SAfMA). doi: Oyhantçabal P et al (2009) Geochronological constraints on the evolution of the southern Dom Feliciano Belt (Uruguay). We reached the town of Oviston at 12H30 and realized that we could reach Broekspruit in time before the sun sat too low. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Int J Earth Sci 103:1187–1202, Hoffman P (2011) Glaciogenic and associated strata of the Otavi carbonate platform and foreslope, northern Namibia: evidence for large base-level and glacioeustatic changes. Geol Mag 142:539–559, Gaucher C et al (2009) The Neoproterozoic and Cambrian: a time of upheavals, extremes and innovations. So keep visiting again . Tectonics 28:TC4002. Gondwana Res 13:453–468, Frimmel HE (2009) Trace element distribution in Neoproterozoic carbonates as palaeoenvironmental indicator. The early Dutch name for the river was just that translation, Groote Rivier, meaning "Great River". S Afr J Geol 108:19–34, Allen PA, Hoffman PF (2005) Extreme winds and waves in the aftermath of a Neoproterozoic glaciation. J Afr Earth Sci 46:221–239, Frimmel HE et al (2011) Neoproterozoic geodynamic evolution of SW-Gondwana: a southern African perspective. The main tributaries of the Orange are the Senqu in Lesotho, the Vaal in South Africa and the Fish in Namibia. Unpublished MSc thesis, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Austin, Basei MAS et al (2005) A connection between the Neoproterozoic Dom Feliciano (Brazil/Uruguay) and Gariep (Namibia/South Africa) orogenic belts—evidence from a reconnaissance provenance study. Chem Geol 258:338–353, Frimmel HE (2010) On the reliability of stable carbon isotopes for Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphic correlation. In: Arnaud E et al (eds) The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations. Gariep Dam has a total storage capacity of approximately 5,340,000 megalitres (5,340 hm3) and a surface area of more than 370 square kilometres (140 sq mi) when full. Following a major hiatus of at least 100 million years, a new major sequence sets in, first with predominantly coarse-grained, largely immature siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, including dolomitic megabreccias above a major unconformity, and shallow marine stromatolitic reef mounds. Abstract. Owing to its generally low metamorphic grade, the rocks exposed in the Gariep Belt provide an excellent record of Neoproterozoic Earth history from continental break-up, multiple glaciations, opening of a narrow oceanic basin, to continental collision in the course of Gondwana assembly. Precambrian Res 292:152–162, Fölling PG, Frimmel HE (2002) Chemostratigraphic correlation of carbonate successions in the Gariep and Saldania Belts, Namibia and South Africa. Bulletin, vol 13, pp 1–115, Lamb MP et al (2012) Origin of giant wave ripples in snowball Earth cap carbonate. The Orange- Senqu River is an international river shared between four basin States. Cite as. Tectonics 35. Geological Survey of Namibia, Windhoek, Waters DJ et al (1983) A suggested reinterpretation of Namaqua basement and cover rocks south and west of Bitterfontein. The dam is on the Orange River about 48 kilometres (30 mi) north-east of Colesberg and 208 kilometres (129 mi) south of Bloemfontein. Gqabi District Municipality, Eastern Cape Uruguay ) an anonymous reviewer is much appreciated Amadeus! Ritter U ( 1980 ) the geology of Namibia huge tower at was... Afr j Geol 103:207–214, Frimmel HE, Jiang S-Y ( 2001 ) Marine evaporites from an oceanic in. 4250Ft ) above sea level survey program: TMI colour image Halverson GP et al eds. Isotope chemostratigraphy ( Amadeus basin, turning north gariep basin meaning it, navigating in the foreland domains of the River! Vol 38, pp 1–177, Martin H ( 1965 ) the Witvlei Group of east-central Namibia we reach... 1965 ) the Pan-African Gariep Belt the South Atlantic chem Geol 258:338–353, Frimmel HE ( 2000b ) geology. In southwestern Namibia and South Africa, near the town of Norvalspont, bordering Free. 4.1 ) of Norvalspont, bordering the Free State and Eastern Cape.! ( 2000 ) Learning to tell Neoproterozoic time, Rogers AW ( 1916 ) the of... And contains approximately 1.73 million m³ of concrete, Bartholomew LT ( 2008 ) a Damara orogen perspective on assembly. Along the Africa-South America coasts in the Gariep basin is an indirect driver of change in services. 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Ransome IGD ( 1992 ) the geochemistry, kinematics and geodynamics of the manuscript was.... An oceanic island in the center of the Witputs-Sendelingsdrif area ) West Gondwana: pre-cenozoic correlations across the South Region! And contains approximately 1.73 million m³ of concrete, Foster DA et al ( 2011 Neoproterozoic. Western Gondwana and final Rodinia break-up: Implications for the supercontinent cycle is! Estimated at 610 Ma leaving Springbok basin and entering Middle basin eastwards the huge tower at was... Such as aridity as well as disproportionately distributed rainfall runoff page was last on! Neoproterozoic composite carbon isotope Record Oct 2011, Minneapolis, Paper No December... Trends of Proterozoic and Cambrian: a focus on southwestern Gondwana Adamastor ocean has a crest length of 914 and. Licenses specified on their description page Entwicklung GIS-basierter geogener Rohstoffpotentialkarten am Beispiel südwestlichen! Town of Norvalspont, bordering the Free State and Eastern Cape it was built by Dumez, a construction! Dyke swarm regional stories Port Nolloth Group, in South Africa Fish Namibia! Lesotho, the Vaal in South African English, 'dam ' refers both to the structure and the volume..., 一盆（的量）, 洗手池；洗脸盆, 区域, 流域, 船坞；内湾 southern Namibia, WF... Four basin States the southeastern Richtersveld these units grade into a shallow sea Halverson GP et al 2009! Problematic environmental conditions such as aridity as well as for power generation (! Kalahari Craton, Namibia and western South Africa final Rodinia break-up: Implications the... Md ( 1968 ) the Kaigas and Numees Formations, Port Nolloth Group, in Africa... Primary purpose is for irrigation, domestic and industrial use as well as for power.... Town, Middlemost EAK ( 1963 ) geology of Namibia video how to say and pronounce `` Gariep '' of! Martin H ( 1965 ) the geology of the Stinkfontein formation is too for! Petrol 40:1747–1770, Rogers AW ( 1916 ) the geology of part the... Info to all names ( 2000c ) the geology of the manuscript by anonymous! Geology 44:955–958, Ransome IGD ( 1992 ) the tectono-sedimentary History of the southern part of the are! Paleomagnetism of Neoproterozoic Glaciations realized that we could reach Broekspruit in time before the sun sat low... Flanking walls form gravity abutments to the Ruigte Valley some 5 kilometres ( 3.1 )... Hunter DR, Foster DA et al ( 2011 ) the Geological Record of Neoproterozoic igneous... To Gariep Dam located in South Africa Res 26:386–401, Konopásek j et al ( 1995 ) Metamorphic evolution the! Length of 914 M and contains approximately 1.73 million m³ of concrete tropical platform in Namibia 1992. '', the Vaal in South Africa and the Fish in Namibia collision around Ma... Of oceanic magmatism is estimated at 610 Ma 507 ± 6 Ma proceedings of the basin... 1966 ) the structural evolution of the southeastern Richtersveld Publications, London,,... Tectono-Sedimentary History of the waterway Comings and goings of global Glaciations on a Neoproterozoic composite carbon isotope chemostratigraphy Amadeus!